George Floyd protests: What do 'thug', 'white privilege' and 'ally' mean?
2020-06-10 15:15:05
These are just a few of the words and phrases you may have seen or heard in discussions about racial inequality after the death of George Floyd.
Many of these terms about race and activism are controversial - and people often have different ideas about what certain phrases mean. Their life experiences will also affect how they define them. So Radio 1 Newsbeat's been chatting with a couple of people for their interpretations and perspectives.
Kehinde Andrews is professor of black studies at Birmingham City University, director of the Centre for Critical Social Research, founder of the Organisation of Black Unity, and co-chair of the Black Studies Association.
JT Flowers is a 26-year-old American rapper, student and activist living in the UK, and Natasha March is an academic and activist from Manchester.
Thug
"Subverted by thuggery." "Thugs and criminals."
That's how Prime Minister Boris Johnson and Home Secretary Priti Patel have referred to people involved in violence that occurred at recent Black Lives Matter protests in the UK.
Donald Trump used the word in a tweet, flagged for inciting violence, that included the phrase, "When the looting starts, the shooting starts".
Its dictionary definition is "a violent person, especially a criminal," but it has become a loaded term when referring to black people.
A journalist who had traced the history of the word, told the BBC in 2015 that "thug" was brought to Western society from India in 1897, later used by politicians and in the media, even reclaimed by hip-hop artists such as Tupac and Bone Thugs-N-Harmony.
It was used widely to describe black people involved the Baltimore riots in 2015, and the use of the word still hurts today.
"They may as well just have the balls, have the bottle to say the N-word," says Natasha March.
"Racism hasn't changed, it's just become more discreet, clever, manipulated, gaslighted, and thrown back at us."
She believes people like Boris Johnson and Donald Trump, both from a wealthy, educated background, should have known what the implications of the word thug are.
"When you call an oppressed group thugs, what it does is it incites fear," she adds. "Fear of the other, fear of the immigrants, fear of the unknown."
"When you have fear you shut down your senses, you don't listen, you don't see, you don't intellectualise. You're on survival mode.
"And that is wonderful way to anesthetise a society, so they don't listen to the oppressed group. It's very clever."
Natasha says the use of the word thug is an attempt to steal the voices of Black Lives Matter protesters.